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Sains Malaysiana 52(1)(2023): 83-93
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-07
A Talaromyces Fungal Species with Strong Antimicrobial
Activity from Deception Island, Antarctica
(Spesies Kulat Talaromyces dengan Aktiviti Antimikrob Kuat dari Pulau Deception, Antartika)
Received: 1 April 2022/Accepted: 11 October 2022
Abstract
Deception Island is well-known for harboring highly diverse microbial communities due to its
unique volcanic environment in Antarctica. Most studies focused on bacteria,
and relatively little was known about the fungal species on this island. The
present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial production and nutrient
utilization profiles of a soil fungus from Deception Island, designated as
Im33. Our findings showed that the strain had maximum mycelial growth and sporulation on malt-extract agar (MEA) medium, but it demonstrated the strongest
antimicrobial activity in yeast extract-malt extract broth (YMB) medium. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal
transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions showed that it is a species belonging to the
genus Talaromyces. It
was resistant to cycloheximide concentrations up to 1,000 mg/L and exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity
against Gram-positive and Gram-negative test pathogens, as well as being able
to utilize a variety of carbon sources. This is the first report of a Talaromyces species
from Deception Island. The capability of the strain to produce broad-spectrum
antimicrobial compounds and various enzymes indicated that Antarctic fungi,
like their bacterial counterparts, have adopted various adaptation strategies
to compete and survive in the extreme environment.
Keywords: Antarctic; antimicrobial resistance; enzymes; fungus; South Shetland Islands Abstrak
Pulau Deception terkenal dengan kepelbagaian
komuniti mikrob kerana persekitaran gunung berapinya yang unik di Antartika.
Kebanyakan kajian tertumpu kepada bakteria dan spesies kulat di pulau ini tidak
begitu diketahui. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan profil pengeluaran
antimikrob dan penggunaan nutrien kulat tanah dari Pulau Deception, iaitu Im33.
Penemuan kami menunjukkan bahawa strain ini mempunyai pertumbuhan miselia dan
spora maksimum pada media agar-ekstrak malt (MEA), tetapi menunjukkan aktiviti
antimikrob yang paling kuat dalam media ekstrak malt ekstrak yis (YMB).
Analisis filogenetik bagi kawasan spacer 1 dan 2 yang tertranskripsi
secara dalaman menunjukkan bahawa kulat ini tergolong dalam genus Talaromyces.
Kulat ini tahan terhadap kepekatan sikloheksimida sehingga 1,000 mg/L dan
menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrob spektrum luas terhadap patogen Gram-positif dan
Gram-negatif, di samping dapat menggunakan pelbagai punca karbon. Ini
merupakan laporan pertama spesies Talaromyces dari Pulau Deception.
Keupayaan strain ini untuk menghasilkan sebatian antimikrob spektrum luas dan
pelbagai enzim menunjukkan bahawa kulat Antartika, seperti bakteria lain, telah
menggunakan pelbagai strategi penyesuaian untuk bersaing dan bertahan dalam
persekitaran yang ekstrem.
Kata kunci: Antartika; enzim; kulat; Pulau Shetland Selatan; rintang antimikrob
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*Corresponding author; email: michaelw@ums.edu.my
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