Sains Malaysiana 42(10)(2013): 1357–1364
Molecular
Phylogenetic Analysis of Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea
Cultivars
Grown
in the Marmara Region, Turkey
(Analisis
Filogenetik Molekul bagi Kultivar Olea europaea L. subsp.
europaea
Ditanam
di Wilayah Marmara, Turki)
F. Coşkun1* &
S. Parlak2
1Department
of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences
Balikesir University,
Cagis Campus 10145, Balikesir-Turkey
2Department of Biology, The Institute of Science & Technology
of Balikesir University
Cagis Campus 10145,
Balikesir –Turkey
Diserahkan: 10 Mac 2013/Diterima: 12 Mei 2013
ABSTRACT
DNA markers based on the PCR techniques
are being broadly utilized during the past two decades. Randomly Amplified
Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is one of these techniques
employed for determining the polymorphisms. In this study, we performed a
molecular analysis using DNA markers for some olive (Olea europaea) cultivars grown in the Marmara
Region of Turkey. Our goal was to determine the genetic relationships between
12 olive cultivars and ‘Delice’, the outgroup. Seven RAPD primers out of 60 (10 base-pair long) amplified gDNAs
with repeatable bands. These primers generated 84 characters / bands in total
and 39 out of these were polymorphic. After a Branch-and-Bound analysis and a
Neighbour Joining (NJ) analysis via PAUP*
software, the smallest genetic distance was found between Gordales and
Karamursel Su cultivars as 0.03571 whereas the greatest distances were found
between Arbequina and Ascolana, Manzanilla, Hermandos, Gemlik, Verdial and
Vegral cultivars as 0.17857, respectively. Maximum parsimony (MP)
analysis yielded 8 equally most parsimonious trees with 65 steps.
Alternatively, NJ analysis produced one tree mostly
congruent with MP tree number one. In conclusion,
Turkish olive cultivars grown in the Marmara Region appear to be sister to the
Spanish olive cultivars based on the RAPD data.
Keywords: Genetic distance; Marmara Region; Olea europaea subsp. europaea; olive cultivars; phylogenetic relationships; RAPD
ABSTRAK
Penanda DNA didasarkan pada teknik PCR telah
digunakan secara kasar dalam dua dekad lepas. DNA Polimorfik
Teramplifikasi Secara Rawak (RAPD) adalah salah satu
daripada teknik yang digunakan untuk menentukan polimorfisme. Dalam kajian ini, kami telah menjalankan analisis molekul
menggunakan penanda DNA bagi beberapa penanda kultivar
zaitun (Olea europaea) yang ditanam di
Wilayah Marmara, Turki. Tujuan kami ialah untuk
menentukan perhubungan genetik antara 12 kultivar zaitun dan kumpulan luar
‘Delice’. Tujuh primer RAPD daripada
60 (10 pasangan bes panjang) teramplifikasi gDNA dengan
jalur boleh ulang. Primer ini telah menjana sejumlah
84 sifat/jalur dan 39 daripadanya ialah polimorfik. Selepas analisis
Ranting-dan-Terikat dan suatu analisis Jiran Menyambung (NJ)
melalui perisian PAUP*, jarak genetik paling kecil
telah ditemui antara kultivar Gordales dan Karamursel Susebagai 0.03571
manakala jarak yang paling besar telah ditemui antara kultivar Arbequina dan
Ascolana, Manzanilla, Hermandos, Gemlik, Verdial dan Vegral masing-masing pada
0.17857. Analisis Parsimoni Maksimum (MP) menghasilkan 8 pepohon yang
paling sama dengan parsimoni dengan 65 langkah. Sebagai alternative, analisis NJ menghasilkan
satu pepohon yang paling kongruen dengan pepohon MP nombor
satu. Sebagai rumusan, kultivar zaitun Turki yang
ditanam di Wilayah Marmara dilihat sebagai adik beradik kepada kultivar zaitun
Sepanyol didasarkan kepada data RAPD.
Kata kunci: Jarak genetik; kultivar zaitun; Olea europaea subsp.
europaea; perhubungan filogenetik; RAPD; Wilayah
Marmara
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: fcoskun@balikesir.edu.tr, fatihc1@yahoo.com
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