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Life-history Traits of the Freshwater Garfish Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton 1822) (Belonidae) in the Ganges River, Northwestern Bangladesh
(Ciri Sejarah Hidup Ikan Todak Air Tawar Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton
1822) (Belonidae)
di Sungai Ganges, Barat Laut Bangladesh)
Md.
Yeamin Hossain1 2 1Department
of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi
6205, Bangladesh
Japan
Diserahkan:
28 Disember 2012 / Diterima: 15 Februari 2013
ABSTRACT
The freshwater garfish, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton 1822), is one of the commercially
important, nutritionally valuable food fish in Asian countries, but the natural
populations are seriously decreasing due to high fishing pressure and other
factors. This study describes the life history traits, including sex ratio (SR),
length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs),
length-length relationships (LLRs), condition factors (Allometric, KA; Fulton’s, KF;
relative condition, KR; relative weight, WR) and form factor (a3.0)
of X. cancila in the Ganges (Padma) River, northwestern Bangladesh. A
total of 175 specimens ranging from 10.50-21.00 cm TL (total length) and
1.44-20.67 g BW (body weight) were investigated in this study. Sampling was done
using traditional fishing gears from April 2011 to March 2012. The overall sex
ratio showed no significant differences from the expected value of 1:1 (df = 1,
χ2 =
0.28, p<0.05), whereas significant difference was found in the LFD (TL)
between the sexes (Two tailed, p<0.001). The allometric coefficient b for the LWR indicated positive allometric growth in males, females and
combined sexes. The results further indicated that the LLRs were highly
correlated. Both KR and KF showed significant
variations (Two tailed, p<0.001) between male and female. Also, WR was significantly
different from 100 for both sexes (p<0.01), indicating the imbalance
habitat with food availability relative to the presence of predators for X.
cancila. The calculated values of a3.0 were as 0.0304,
0.0268 and 0.0252 for males, females and combined sexes of X. cancila. This
study reports the first complete and comprehensive description of life-history
traits for X. cancila from Bangladeshi waters. The data should be useful
for the sustainable conservation of this critically endangered fishery in
Bangladesh and neighboring countries.
Keywords: Bangladesh; Ganges River; Garfish; life-history; Xenentodon cancila
ABSTRAK
Ikan todak air tawar, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton 1822),
ikan yang penting daripada segi komersial, makanan berkhasiat yang
bermutu di negara-negara Asia sedang mengalami masalah penurunan
jumlah yang serius akibat daripada tekanan tangkapan yang tinggi
dan faktor-faktor lain. Kajian ini menerangkan ciri-ciri sejarah
hidup, termasuk nisbah jantina (SR), taburan panjang frekuensi
(LFDs),
hubungan panjang-berat (LWRs), hubungan panjang-panjang (LLRs),
faktor keadaan (‘alometrik’, KA; Fulton s, KF; keadaan relatif,
KR,
berat relatif, WR) dan faktor bentuk (a3.0) X. cancila di Sungai Ganges (Padma), barat laut
Bangladesh. Sejumlah 175 spesimen yang mempunyai
TL (jumlah
panjang) 10,50-21,00 cm dan BW (berat badan) 1,44-20,67 g telah dikaji dalam
kajian ini. Persampelan telah dilakukan
dengan menggunakan peralatan menangkap ikan tradisi pada bulan April
2011 hingga Mac 2012. Nisbah jantina keseluruhan menunjukkan
tiada perbezaan yang ketara daripada nilai yang dijangka 1:1 (df
= 1,? 2 = 0.28, p<0.05), manakala
perbezaan yang ketara ditemui dalam LFD (TL)
antara jantina (Dua ekor, p<0.001). Pekali
alometrik b untuk LWR menunjukkan pertumbuhan alometrik positif
dalam sampel jantan, betina dan jantina gabungan. Hasil
kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa LLRs mempunyai hubungan yang sangat bererti.
Kedua-dua KR dan KF menunjukkan perbezaan yang
ketara (Dua ekor, p<0.001)
antara jantan dan betina. Selain itu, WR mempunyai perbezaan yang
ketara daripada 100 untuk kedua-dua jantina (p<0.01),
menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan habitat dengan adanya makanan berbanding
dengan kehadiran pemangsa untuk X. cancila. Nilai
bagi hasil pengiraan a3.0 adalah masing-masing 0,0304,
0,0268 dan 0,0252 untuk jantan, betina dan jantina gabungan X.
cancila. Kajian ini buat pertama
kali melaporkan penjelasan yang lengkap dan komprehensif ciri-ciri
hidup sejarah bagi X. cancila dari perairan Bangladesh. Data
ini seharusnya berguna untuk pemuliharaan mapan perikanan yang amat
terancam di Bangladesh dan negara-negara jiran.
Kata kunci: Bangladesh; Ikan Todak; sejarah
hidup; Sungai Ganga; Xenentodon cancila
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yeamin2222@yahoo.com
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