Sains Malaysiana 44(6)(2015): 827–834

Removal of Methylene Blue Dye in Aqueous Solution by Sorption on

a Bacterial-g-Poly-(Acrylic Acid) Polymer Network Hydrogel

(Penyingkiran Pewarna Metilena Biru di dalam Larutan Akueus dengan Serapan oleh Polimer

Hidrogel Berasaskan Rangkaian Selulosa Bakteria-g-Poli-(Asid Akrilik))

ADIL HAKAM¹, I. ABDUL RAHMAN², M. SUZEREN M. JAMIL¹, RIZAFIZAH OTHAMAN¹,

M.C.I. MOHAMAD AMIN³ & AZWAN MAT LAZIM¹*

¹Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Laboratory of Gamma Radiation Instrument, Science Nuclear Program, School of Applied Physics

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 15 Januari 2014/Diterima: 15 November 2014

ABSTRACT

In this study, Bacterial cellulose (BC) grafted with Acrylic acid (AA) was prepared using Co60 γ-rays source (30 KGy). Although many samples were prepared, BC: AA with ratio of 1:1 labelled as A1 and 2:1 labelled as A2 gave the most significant results. Hence these particular ratios have been selected and further investigated. AA was proven grafted onto BC by using ATR-FTIR due to the absent of C-O stretching (1040 cm^-1) in both hydrogels. The SEM image of both hydrogels samples showed highly porosity networks structure have been produced. The physical properties of the hydrogels such as equilibrium water content (%) and swelling ratio (%) in different pH buffer solution were measured. It was found that the equilibrium water content (%) of A1 was 93.10% while A2 was 74.83%, respectively. The results indicated that the equilibrium water content (%) increased by gaining the AA concentration. At pH10, the A2 swelling ratio (%) was two folded with 3350% in comparison with the A1. For the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution, the results from the UV-VIS spectroscopy demonstrated that the A2 sample hydrogel was also an effective absorbent material.

Keywords: Bacterial cellulose; gamma radiation; hydrogel; methylene blue

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, hidrogel berasaskan selulosa bakteria telah dihasilkan dengan mencangkukkan molekul asid akrilik (AA) pada jaringan selulosa bakteria (SB). Teknik pempolimerkan yang digunakan di dalam kajian ini adalah pempolimeran sinaran radiasi gama (sumber Co60, dos: 30 KGy). Walaupun banyak sampel disediakan, sampel hidrogel dengan nisbah SB: AA, 1:1 dilabel sebagai A1 dan 2:1 sebagai A2 memberikan keputusan yang paling baik. Oleh itu, kedua-dua sampel tersebut dikaji dengan lebih lanjut. AA telah terbukti ditambah kepada SB dengan menggunakan ATR-FTIR kerana regangan CO (1040 cm^-1) dalam kedua-dua hidrogel telah disingkirkan. Imej SEM bagi kedua-dua sampel hidrogel menunjukkan struktur yang mempunyai keporosan yang tinggi. Selain itu, sifat-sifat fizikal bagi kedua-dua sampel seperti keputusan ujian kandungan air dalam keseimbangan (%) dan ujian pembengkakan dalam larutan penimbal dengan pH yang berbeza dikaji. Keputusan ujian kandungan air dalam keseimbangan (%) mendapati sampel A1 mencatatkan peratusan sebanyak 93.10% manakala sampel A2 mencatatkan peratusan sebanyak 74.83%. Hal ini membuktikan bahawa kandungan AA yang tinggi bagi setiap sampel akan meningkatkan peratusan kandungan air dalam keseimbangan. Dalam ujian pembengkakan dalam larutan penimbal dengan pH yang berbeza, keputusan menunjukkan kedua-dua sampel mempunyai kandungan serapan yang tinggi dalam larutan penimbal pH10. Sampel A2 mempunyai peratusan sebanyak 3350% berbanding sampel A1. Setelah kedua-dua sampel menjalani ujian penyingkiran pewarna metilena biru menggunakan spektroskopi UV-VIS, keputusan menunjukkan bahawa sampel A2 merupakan sampel hidrogel yang mampu menyerap pewarna metilena biru daripada larutan akueus dengan baik berbanding sampel A1.

Kata kunci: Hidrogel; metilena biru; selulosa bakteria; sinaran gama

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: azwanlazim@ukm.edu.my