Sains Malaysiana 44(6)(2015):
891–898
Kesan Penggunaan Rumpai Laut sebagai Agen Penapis Semula Jadi dalam Pengkulturan Intensif Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis
(Effect of Seaweeds
as Biofilters for Mass Culture of Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis)
A.A.R. RAZAK1*, C.C. ZAIDI2, J. ZAINODDIN3, A.M. MAJID4, T. TODA5 & B.H.R. OTHMAN6
1Jabatan Biologi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Perlis, 02600
Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan,
Malaysia
2Jabatan Sains Laut, Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Institut Penyelidikan Perikanan (FRI), Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia
81550 Gelah Patah, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia
4Bahagian Biologi, Pusat Asasi Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
5Department
of Environmental Engineering for Symbiosis, Soka University, Tokyo 192-8577
Japan
6Institut Oseanografi dan Sekitaran (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
21030
Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 6 Februari 2014/Diterima: 19 Januari 2015
ABSTRAK
Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk menilai kesan penggunaan tiga spesies rumpai laut iaituUlva sp., Gracilaria sp. danKappaphycus sp. sebagai agen penapis semula jadi untuk menstabilkan pengkulturan rotifer dengan menggunakan petunjuk kaedah kuantitatif iaitu membandingkan nilai pertumbuhan seketika per hari rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Kadar pertumbuhan seketika per hari rotifer dengan penggunaan Ulva sp.
(p<0.01), Gracilaria sp. (p<0.05) dan Kappaphycus sp. (p<0.05) pada berat basah 7 g dalam 10 L air laut menunjukkan kesan yang ketara berbanding kawalan. Bagi kesemua rumpai laut yang diuji, keputusan menunjukkan setelah tercapainya nilai min kadar pertumbuhan seketika per hari rotifer yang tertinggi, penambahan jumlah berat penggunaan rumpai laut memberikan kesan penurunan kepada kadar pertumbuhan seketika rotifer. Keputusan menunjukkan Ulva sp. sesuai digunakan sebagai penapis biologi.
Kata kunci: Brachionus plicatilis; kadar pertumbuhan; kultur; penapis semula jadi; rumpai laut
ABSTRACT
The experiment was
conducted to evaluate the potential of three species of seaweed namely Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp. and Kappaphycus sp. as a biofilter in the culture of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Instantenous growth rate (μ) of rotifer was used as indicator for the efficiency of
these seaweeds as biofilter. The result showed that
the utilization of Ulva sp. (p<0.01), Gracilaria sp. (p<0.05) and Kappaphycus sp.
(p<0.05), at 7 g in 10 L seawater, produced a significant effect as
compared with the control. The results also showed when the highest μ
values were obtained, addition of the seaweed into the culture will reduce the
effectiveness of the biofilter. The results obtained
in this study indicated that Ulva sp. can be used as a biofilter.
Keywords: Biofilter; Brachionus plicatilis; culture; growth rate;
seaweed
RUJUKAN
Chen, T.P. 1976. Aquaculture Practices in
Taiwan. Bros. (Norwith)
Ltd.
Chopin, T., Bushmann, A.H., Halling, C., Troell, M., Kautsky, N., Neori, A., Kraemer,
G.P., Zertuche-Gonzălez, J.A., Yarish, C. & Neefus, C. 2001. Integrating seaweeds into marine aquaculture
systems: A key toward sustainability. Journal of Phycology 37:
975-986.
Enander, M. & Hasselstrŏm, M. 1994. An experimental wastewater treatment system for
shrimp farm. Infofish International 4:
56-61.
Endo, K. 1977. The culture of food organism for
fish larvae. Fish Culturist 14: 86.
Furukawa, K. & Hikada, K. 1973. Technical problems encountered in the mass culture of rotifer,
using marine yeast as food organism. Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan 20:
61-71.
Gao, K. & McKinley, K.R.
1994. Use of macroalgae for marine
biomass production and CO2 remediation- a review. Journal of Appied Phycology 6: 45-60.
Hagiwara, A., Gallardo, W.G., Assavaaree,
M., Kotani, T. & de Araujo, A.B. 2001. Live food production in Japan: Recent progress and future
aspects. Aquaculture 200: 117-127.
Hino, A & Hirano, R. 1977. Ecological studies of bisexual reproduction in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. II. Effect of cumulative parthogenetic generation of the frequency of bisexual
reproduction. Bulletin of the Japanese Scientific Fisheries 43:
1147-1155.
Hino, A. & Hirano, R. 1976. Ecological studies of bisexual reproduction in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. I. General aspects of bisexual
inducing factors. Bulletin of the Japanese Scientific Fisheries 42:
1093-1099.
Howerton, R. 2001. Best
Management Practices for Hawaiian Aquaculture. Centre for tropical
aquaculture. Pub. No. 148.
Hurtado-Ponce, A.Q. 1995. Polyculture of Gracialriopsis heterocladaand Penaeus monodon in brackishwater ponds. 15th Internal Seaweed Symposium, Valdivia, Chile.
Kaiser, M.J., Laing, I., Utting, S.D.
& Burnell, G.M. 1998. Environmental inpacts of bivalve mariculture. Journal of
Shellfish Research 17: 59-66.
Liao, I.C., Su, H.M. & Lin, J.H. 1993. Larva foods for penaeid prawns. CRC Handbook of Mariculture. 2th ed. volume I. Crustacean aquaculture.
Lubzens, E., Tandler, A. & Minkoff, G.
1989. Rotifers as food in aquaculture. Hydrobiologia 186-187: 387-400.
Lubzens, E., Fisher, R. & Berdugo-white,
V. 1980. Induction of sexual reproduction
and resting egg production in Brachionus plicatilisreared in sea water. Hydrobiologia 73: 55.
Msuya,
F.E., Kyewalyanga, M.S. & Salum,
D. 2006. The performance of the seaweed Ulva reticulataas a biofilter in
low-tech, low-cost, gravity generated water flow regime in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Aquaculture 254: 284-292.
McVey,
J.P., Stickney, R., Yarish, C. & Chopin, T. 2002. Aquatic polyculture and balanced ecosystem management: New paradigms for
seafood production. Dlm Responsible Marine
Aquaculture, disunting oleh Stickney, R. & McVey, J.P. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing. pp. 91-104.
Neori,
A. 1996. The form of N-supply (ammonia and nitrat) determines the performance of seaweed biofilters integrated with intensive fish culture. Israel Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh. 48: 19-27.
Neori,
A., Chopin, T., Troell, M., Bushmann,
A.H., Kraemer, G.P., Halling, C., Shigel,
M. & Yarish, C. 2004. Integrated aquaculture: Rational evolution and state of the art emphasizing
seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture. Aquaculture 231: 361-391.
Rawson
Jr., M.V., Chen, C., Rubao, J., Zhu, M., Wang, D.,
Wang, C., Yarish, C., Sullivan, J.B. & Chopin, T.
2001. Understanding the interaction of extractive and fed aquaculture using ecosystem
modeling. Dlm Responsible Marine Aquaculture, disunting oleh Stickney, R.R. & McVey, J.P. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing. pp. 263-296.
Touchette,
B.W. & Burkholder, J.M. 2000. Overview of the physiological ecology of carbon metabolism in
seagrasses. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 250:
169-205.
Troell,
M. & Norberg, J. 1998. Modelling output and retention of suspended solids in an intergrated salmon-mussel culture. Ecological
Modelling 110: 65-77.
Wajisbrot, N., Gasith, A., Krom, M.D.
& Popper, D. 1991. Acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile gilthead seabream Sparus aurataunder
reduced oxygen levels. Aquaculture 92: 277-288.
Yu,
J.P. & Hirayama, K. 1986. The effect of
un-ionized ammonia on the population growth of the rotifer in mass culture. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi52: 1509-1513.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: abdulrazak@perlis.
uitm.edu.my
|