Sains
Malaysiana 46(11)(2017): 2179-2186
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4611-19
Internal Characteristics of Loose
Solid Source of Debris Flow in Zhouqu
(Ciri Dalaman Sumber Pepejal Bebas
Aliran Puing di Zhouqu)
SHUFANG FAN*
1School of Civil Engineering and
Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2Monitoring Center of Mine
Resources and Geological Environment, Shaoguan 512026
China
Diserahkan:
23 Januari 2017/Diterima: 17 Mei 2017
ABSTRACT
In this paper, with debris flow in Zhouqu as the research object, combined
with experiments such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), mineral
chemical composition and water quality analysis, relation between
water and salt in solid source forming debris flow was studied via
soil column leaching test and soluble salt analysis, and internal
characteristics of debris flow was accordingly showed. It was found
that, the soil was loose, and the content of gravel and sand was
high, and the content of fine particle was low. The soluble contents
at the slope of the accumulation body were described as, collapsed
accumulation body > landslide accumulation body, slope toe >
slope top, gentle slope > steep slope, also related to length
of the slope. The results indicated that accumulations released
a large number of base ion after intense weathering, which migrated
with water, concentrated and enriched at the slope toe. Saline soil
with high salt content collapsed when encountering water and then
formed mudflow, thus becoming the internal power to trigger and
initiate debris flow to some extent.
Keywords: Debris flow; internal feature; salt-water relation; solid source;
Zhouqu
ABSTRAK
Dalam kajian ini, dengan menggunakan aliran puing di Zhouqu sebagai
objek kajian serta uji kaji seperti keupayaan pertukaran kation (CEC),
komposisi kimia mineral dan analisis kualiti air, perhubungan antara air dengan
garam dalam sumber pepejal aliran puing dikaji melalui ujian larut lesap turus
tanah, analisis garam larut dan ciri dalaman aliran puing telah dikemukakan.
Didapati bahawa kandungan pelarut garam dalam kecerunan jasad tumpukan telah
dinyatakan sebagai, keruntuhan jasad tumpukan > jasad tumpukan gelongsoran
tanah > hujung cerun > atas cerun, cerun landai > cerum curam yang
juga berkaitan dengan panjang cerum. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa tumpukan
mengeluarkan bilangan ion asas yang besar selepas luluhawa pesat, yang bergerak
dengan air, tertumpu dan diperkaya pada hujung cerun. Tanah masin dengan
kandungan garam yang tinggi runtuh ketika bertemu air dan kemudian membentuk
aliran lumpur hingga ke satu tahap menjadi kuasa dalaman untuk menjadi penyebab
dan memulakan aliran puing.
Kata kunci: Aliran puing; ciri dalaman;
hubungan garam-air;
sumber pepejal; Zhouqu
RUJUKAN
Chen, Z.X., Wang, R.,
Hu, M.J., Wei, H.Z. & Wang, X.Z. 2009. Study of internal factors
for debris flow occurrence in jiangjia Ravine Dongchun of Yunnan.
Rock and Soil Mechanics 30(10): 3053-3056, 3070.
Ding, H.W. 2012. Characteristics
of typical geological disasters in Zhouqu county of Gansu province.
Gansu Geology 21(1): 47-53.
Fan,
S.F., Ma, Y.W. & Qin, N. 2017a. Basic characteristics and starting mode
of debris flow in Tieshanzhang mining
area under typhoon. Geology,
Ecology, and Landscapes 1(4): 241-248.
Fan,
S.F., Ma, Y.W. & Zhai, J.Y. 2017b. Water quality
monitoring in early warning of rainfall-triggered debris flows.
Boletín Técnico 55(9): 779-786.
Gao, B., Zhou, J. &
Zhang, J. 2011. Macro-meso analysis of water-soil interaction mechanism
of debris flow starting process. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics
and Engineering 30(12): 2567-2573.
Gelimu, B.E. 1960. Clay
Mineralogy. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. pp. 108-192.
Hou, X.W., Yin, M.Q.
& Yin, Z.X. 2010. Analysis of simulating eluviations experimentation for
waste ore in Linglong goldfield of Zhaoyuan. Journal of Beijing University
of Technology 36(11): 1541-1547.
Jian, B.T., Lu, X.B.,
Wang, S.Y., Chen, X.Q. & Cui, P. 2005. The movement of fine
grains and its effects on the landslide and debris flow caused by
raining. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering
S1: 36-38.
Li,
J.P. & Zhao, C.F. 2004. Soil Mechanics. Beijing: Higher Education
Press. pp. 4-5.
Li, S.D. 2006. Formation
mechanism of the landslide-type debris flow. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium
Universitatis Pekinensis 34(4): 519-522.
Lin, Q.H., Luo, W., Lin, Z.M.
& Cha, Z.Z. 2003. Research advances on leaching of fertilizer nutrients in
the latosol areas. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture 23(1): 61-66.
Lu, X., Ma, G.R. & Li, X.L.
2002. Soil Fertilizer Science. Beijing: China Agricultural
University Press. p. 482.
Mohrig, D., Elverhøi, A. &
Parker, G. 1999. Experiments on the relative mobility of muddy subaqueous and
subaerial debris flows, and their capacity to remobilize antecedent deposits. Marine
Geology 154: 117-129.
Nur Syarina Asman, Azhar Abdul Halim, Marlia Mohd Hanafiah & Farah
Diyana Ariffin. 2017.
Determination of rainwater quality from rainwater harvesting system
at Ungku Omar College, UKM Bangi. Sains Malaysiana 46(8): 1211-1219.
Standardization Administration of
the People's Republic of China. 2006. Standards for Drinking Water
Quality. Beijing: Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of
China. GB5749-2006.
Wang, D.Q., Wang, F.Y. &
Zhang, H.F. 2000. Potassium release characteristics of muscovite, sericite and
Illite. Acta Pedologica Sinica 4(5): 12-15.
Wang, Y.R., Lin, S. & Zhang,
C.J. 2007. The characteristic of fractal and variation in regional rainstorm
over China Loess Plateau. Plateau Meteorology 26(2): 373-379.
Wang, Z.B., Wang, R. & Hu,
M.J. 2011. Effects of particle transport characteristics on permeability of
soils from Jiangjiagou ravine. Rock and Soil Mechanics 32(7): 2017-2024.
Wu, J.S., Kang, Z. C., Tian, L.Q.
& Zhang, S. 1990. Observation and research of debris flow in Jiangjiagou
Ravine of Yunnan. Beijing: Science Press Co. Ltd. pp. 62-70.
Xu, J.Y., Xiao, R., Tian, Y.I.
& Dai, S.J. 2005. Status of exploiture and application of illite. Non-Ferrous
Mining and Metallurgy 21(2): 13-15 & 39.
Xu, L. 2012. Research on red
layer of loose debris and the slope deformation failure mechanism in Xiangjiaba
hydropower station area. Chinese Academy of sciences institute of geology and
geophysics.
*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat; email: fan0931@126.com
|