Sains Malaysiana 46(8)(2017): 1201–1210

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4608-05

Analisis Prestasi Nutrien Pengkomposan Sisa Industri Sawit bagi Skala Industri dalam Tempoh Tiga Tahun

(Nutrient Performance Analysis for Industrial Scale Palm Oil Mill Waste Composting in Three-Years Time)

ASIS, T¹., ZAHRIM, A.Y.²* & ASSIS, K.³

¹Prestige Central Management Sdn Bhd, 73M, 73A & 77B, Jalan SS21/37, Damansara Utama, 47400 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Negeri di Bawah Bayu, Malaysia

³Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Negeri di Bawah Bayu, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 18 Mac 2016/Diterima: 1 Februari 2017

ABSTRAK

Pengkomposan tandan buah kosong (EFB) dan sisa efluen kilang (POME) merupakan pendekatan lestari bagi menukarkan EFB dan POME kepada baja kompos. Pengkomposan adalah satu proses biologi yang memerlukan pengawalan yang optimum agar nutrien yang terhasil adalah tinggi dan stabil. Cabaran utama yang dihadapi oleh industri kompos ialah untuk menghasilkan kompos yang bernutrien tinggi dan stabil. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk menganalisis prestasi jangka panjang bagi loji kompos terpilih melalui kandungan nutrien kompos yang dihasilkan. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji prestasi tiga tahun bagi empat loji kompos di Malaysia iaitu loji kompos Merotai, loji kompos Binuang, loji kompos Tanah Merah dan loji kompos Elphil. Prestasi kandungan nutrien yang diambil kira termasuklah nitrogen, kalium, nisbah karbon kepada nitrogen, kandungan kelembapan dan agregat kompos. Sebanyak 1,465 set data nutrien dianalisis secara deskriptif. Secara keseluruhannya, prestasi kandungan nutrien kesemua loji kompos yang dikaji berjaya memenuhi keperluan minimum industri sawit. Namun terdapat kes kompos yang dihasilkan mengandungi nutrien kalium yang tidak mencapai keperluan minimum industri dan kandungan kelembapan kompos yang tinggi. Kesimpulannya, masih terdapat ruang untuk penambahbaikan dalam proses pengkomposan agar kompos yang dihasilkan mengandungi nutrien yang stabil dan memenuhi keperluan minimum industri.

Kata kunci: Kompos; nutrien; sisa efluen kilang; tandan buah kosong

ABSTRACT

Composting of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a sustainable approach in converting waste into organic fertilizers. Composting is a biological process that requires optimal control in producing compost. The main challenge faced by the composting industry is to maintain final compost high nutrients. The objective of this study was to analyze the long-term performance of the selected composting plants based on the nutrient content of the final compost. Three years performance of four selected composting plants in Malaysia, namely Merotai composting plant, Binuang composting plant, Tanah Merah composting plant and also Elphil composting plant were analyzed. The nutrients content e.g. include nitrogen, potassium, carbon to nitrogen ratio; moisture content as well as compost aggregate, were considered. A total of 1,465 sets of data were analyzed descriptively. Overall, all the composting plants managed to produce composts with the nutrient content that meet the minimum requirements of oil palm plantation. But there are cases where the potassium content in the compost produced was not reaching the minimum requirements of the industry and also the moisture content of the compost produced was high. As conclusion, there is still room for improvement in the current composting process in order to produce compost where the nutrients can be maintained and meet the minimum requirements of the industry.

Keywords: Compost; empty fruit bunch; nutrients; palm oil mill effluent

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: asis.tahang@gmail.com