Sains Malaysiana 47(4)(2018): 781-787

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4704-17

Effects of Polishing Techniques on the Staining of Two Nano-Tooth Coloured Materials

(Kesan Penggilapan ke atas Pewarnaan Dua Bahan Tampalan Berwarna Gigi Nano)

KUI FEI TEO¹, ZURYATI AB-GHANI²* & ZAID HAMEED MOHAMMED ALI²

¹Pusat Pakar Pergigian Seremban, Pejabat Kesihatan Pergigian Daerah Seremban, Jln Za’aba,

70100 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

²School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 11 Mei 2017/Diterima: 16 November 2017

ABSTRACT

Surface polishing affect the staining of nano-tooth coloured materials. Here we studied the effect of tea and coffee staining on polished nano-composite resin and nano-ormocers. Eighty-four discs (5 × 2 mm) of Filtek Z350 and Ceram X were fabricated using acrylic molds and polished with either: (1) Sof-lex (2) Enhance/Pogo (3) control (no polishing-Mylar). After polishing, the tests materials were immersed in either tea or coffee (n=7), for 48, 96 and 168 h at 37°C. The colour difference (ΔE) values were assessed with a spectrophotometer (Cecil CE 2021 UV/VIS), the data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis Test. The results showed that polishing significantly affected the ΔE values of both materials (p<0.05). In all groups, Ceram X showed less staining than Filtek Z350. Both Filtek Z350 and Ceram X also reacted differently in coffee and tea. Significant ΔE values for Filtek Z350 obtained with different polishing techniques exposed to coffee in ascending order: Sof-lex < Enhance/Pogo < Mylar strip. For Ceram X, significant ΔE values obtained in exposure to tea in ascending order: Pogo < Mylar < Sof-lex. Mylar caused more staining in Filtek Z350 whilst Sof-Lex caused the least staining. However, in Ceram X, Enhance/Pogo caused the least staining. In conclusion, Ceram X is more colour stable than Filtek Z350. It may be suggested to always use the polishing system produced by the same company that produces the restorative material for better staining resistant.

Keywords: Nano-tooth coloured dental materials; polishing techniques; staining

ABSTRAK

Penggilap permukaan boleh mempengaruhi pewarnaan bahan tampalan berwarna gigi nano. Kajian ini dibuat  untuk mengesan pewarnaan teh dan kopi pada resin nano komposit dan nano-ormocers yang digilap. Lapan puluh empat cakera bersaiz 5 × 2 mm, yang dibuat daripada Filtek Z350 dan Ceram X menggunakan acuan akrilik, digilap dengan: (1) Sof-lex (2) Enhance/Pogo (3) kawalan (tiada penggilap-Mylar). Selepas penggilapan, bahan-bahan ujian direndam ke dalam teh atau kopi (n=7), selama 48, 96 dan 168 jam pada suhu 37°C. Perbezaan warna (ΔE) dinilai menggunakan spektrofotometer (Cecil CE 2021 UV/VIS), data dianalisis menggunakan Kruskal-wallis Test. Keputusan analisis menunjukkan penggilapan mempengaruhi nilai pewarnaan kedua-dua bahan tampalan berwarna gigi nano (p<0.05). Dalam semua kumpulan, Ceram X menunjukkan kesan perwarnaan yang lebih berbanding Filtek Z350. Filtek Z350 dan Ceram X juga bertindak balas secara berbeza dalam kopi dan teh. Perbezaan bacaan signifikan ΔE bagi Filtek Z350 di dalam kopi adalah seperti berikut: Sof-lex < Enhance/Pogo < Mylar strip manakala perbezaan bacaan signifikan ΔE di dalam teh untuk Ceram X adalah Pogo < Mylar < Sof-Lex. Penggunaan mylar strip sahaja ke atas Filtek Z350 menyebabkan lebih banyak pewarnaan, manakala Sof-Lex menyebabkan pewarnaan berkurangan. Penggunaan Enhance/Pogo ke atas Ceram X menyebabkan pewarnaan berkurangan. Kesimpulannya, Ceram X adalah lebih stabil dalam kesan pewarnaan berbanding dengan Filtek Z350. Cadangan mungkin boleh dibuat untuk sentiasa menggunakan sistem penggilap yang dihasilkan oleh syarikat yang sama yang menghasilkan bahan tampalan bagi mengekalkan warna lebih lama.

Kata kunci: Bahan tampalan warna gigi nano; pewarnaan; teknik penggilapan

RUJUKAN

AbuBakr, N., Han, L., Okamoto, A. & Iwaku, M. 2000. Color stability of compomer after immersion in various media. Journal of Esthetic and Dentistry 12: 258263.

Avsar, A., Yuzbasioglu, E. & Sarac, D. 2015. The effect of finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness and the color of nanocomposite resin restorative materials. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine 24(5): 881-890.

Barakah, H.M. & Taher, N.M. 2014. Effect of polishing systems on stain susceptibility and surface roughness of nanocomposite resin material. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 112(3): 625-631.

Deljoo, Z., Sadeghi, M., Azar, M.R. & Bagheri, R. 2016. The effect of different polishing methods and storage media on discoloration of resin composites. Journal of Dental Biomaterials 3(2): 226-232.

Ferracane, J.L., Berge, H.X. & Condon, J.R. 1998. In vitro aging of dental composites in water - effect of degree of conversion, filler volume, and filler/matrix coupling. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42: 465472.

Guler, A.U., Kurt, S. & Kulunk, T. 2005. Effect of various finishing procedures on the staining of provisional restorative materials. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 93(5): 453-458.

Guler, A.U., Guler, E., Yusel, A.C. & Ertas, E. 2009. Effects of polishing procedures on color stability of composite resins. Journal of Applied Oral Science 17: 108-112.

Imazato, S., Tarumi, H., Kato, S. & Ebisu, S. 1999. Water sorption and colour stability of composites containing the antibacterial monomer MDPB. Journal of Dentistry 27: 279-283.

Koh, R., Neiva, G., Dennison, J. & Yaman, P. 2008. Finishing systems on the final surface roughness of composites. The Journal of Contemporary Practice 9: 138-145.

Kalachandra, S. & Turner, D.T. 1987. Water sorption of polymethacrylate networks: Bis-GMA/TEGDMA copolymers. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21: 329-338.

Lee, Y.K., Lu, H. & Powers, J.M. 2005. Effect of surface sealant and staining on the fluorescence of resin composites. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 93: 260266.

Marigo, L., Rizzi, M., La Torre, G. & Rumi, G. 2001. 3-D surface profile analysis: Different finishing methods for resin composites. Operative Dentistry 26: 562-568.

Miotti, L.L., Nicoloso, G.F., Durand, L.B., Susin, A.H. & Rocha, R.O. 2016. Color stability of a resin composite: Effect of the immersion method and surface treatments. Indian Journal of Dental Research 27(2): 195-199.

Nuaimi, H.O. & Ragab, H.M. 2014. Effect of aggressive beverage on the color stability of different nano-hybrid resin based composite. European Journal of General Dentistry 3(3): 190-193.

Patel, S.B., Gordan, V.V., Barrett, A.A. & Shen, C. 2004. The effect of surface finishing and storage solutions on the color stability of resin-based composites. The Journal of the American Dental Association 135: 587-594.

Reddy, P.S., Tejaswi, K.L., Shetty, S., Annapoorna, B.M., Pujari, S.C. & Thippeswamy, H.M. 2013. Effects of commonly consumed beverages on surface roughness and color stability of the nano, microhybrid and hybrid composite resins: An in vitro study. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14(4): 718-723.

Reis, A.F., Giannini, M., Lovadino, J.R. & Ambrosano, G.M. 2003. Effects of various finishing systems on the surface roughness and staining susceptibility of packable composite resins. Dental Materials 19: 12-18.

Reis, A.F., Giannini, M., Lovadino, J.R. & Dos Santos Dias, C.T. 2002. The effect of six polishing systems on the surface roughness of two packable resin-based composites. American Journal of Dentistry 15: 193-197.

Sarac, D., Sarac, Y.S., Kulunk, S., Ural, C. & Kulunk, T. 2006. The effect of polishing techniques on the surface roughness and color change of composite resins. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 96: 33-40.

Stober, T., Gilde, H. & Lenz, P. 2001. Color stability of highly filled composite resin materials for facings. Dental Materials 17: 87-94.

Schulze, K.A., Marshall, S.J., Gansky, S.A. & Marshall, G.W. 2003. Color stability and hardness in dental composites after accelerated aging. Dental Materials 19: 612619.

Taira, M. & Yamaki, M. 1995. Studies on optical properties   of a visible-light-cured dental composite resin by diffuse reflectance measurements. Journal of Materials Science Letters 14: 198-200.

Um, C.M. & Ruyter, I.E. 1991. Staining of resin-based veneering materials with coffee and tea. Quintessence International 22(5): 377-386.

Van Groeningen, G., Jongebloed, W. & Arends, J. 1986. Composite degradation in vivo. Dental Materials 2: 225-227.

Weitman, R.T. & Eames, W.B. 1975. Plaque accumulation on composite surfaces after various finishing procedures. Oral Health 65: 29-33.

Zuryati, A.G., Qian, O.Q. & Dasmawati, M. 2013. Effects of home bleaching on surface hardness and surface roughness of an experimental nanocomposite. Journal of Conservative Dentistry 16(4): 356-361.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: zuryati@usm.my