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Sains Malaysiana 47(7)(2018): 1379–1386 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-04
Aquatic Insect Functional Feeding Groups
in a Mountain Stream with a Series of Check Dams in Northern Thailand (Serangga Akuatik Kumpulan Suapan Berfungsi di Aliran Air Gunung dengan Siri Halangan Empangan
di Utara Thailand) PHUCHIWAN SURIYAWONG1*,
DECHA
THAPANYA2,
ELIZABETH
A.
BERGEY3
& PORNTIP CHANTARAMONGKOL3 1Environmental Science Research Center,
Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Huay
Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, Thailand 2Department of Biology, Faculty of
Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Huay
Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, Thailand 3Oklahoma Biological Survey, University
of Oklahoma, 73019 Norman, OK, United States of America Diserahkan: 5 September 2017/Diterima: 3 Mac 2018 ABSTRACT A series of check dams (or
small dams in shallow streams) have been placed on many streams
throughout Thailand and the number of them continue to increase.
Check dam construction activities have been emphasized by the government
and private sector entities over the last decade to prevent severe
flood or drought due to changes in rainfall patterns. This study
evaluated distribution of functional feeding groups (FFG) in a stream with a high density of check dams were
used. Twelve sampling sites at three altitudes (500, 900 and 1500
m asl) included undammed and nearby dammed sections (above
and below check dams). Aquatic insects were collected monthly at
each site for a year and categorized into FFG. Aquatic insect composition
of undammed and above dam sites was different. Abundance within
each FFG
at above dam sites significantly differed from undammed
sites. Taxonomic richness at 1500 and 900 m altitudes was decreased
at above dam sites compared with the corresponding undammed sites,
whereas above dam sites of 500 m altitude had higher richness than
undammed site. High abundance of predators and collector-gatherers
associated with reservoirs and fine sediment accumulation above
dams, where filter-feeders were scarce. Shredder abundance varied
among sites and was highest where leaf packs were most abundant.
Scrapers were least abundant group and inconsistent with the dams.
Distribution of FFG was
similar to changes in other regulated streams. The composition of
FFG
reflected the stream ecosystem conditions through
adaptation of communities to stream habitat and food resources,
including those associated with check dam construction. Keywords: Habitat alteration;
regulated streams; shredders; small dams; stream alteration ABSTRAK Satu siri halangan empangan penyekat (atau empangan
kecil di sungai cetek) telah digunakan di kebanyakan sungai di seluruh
Thailand dan bilangannya terus meningkat. Pembinaan halangan empangan
telah ditekankan oleh kerajaan dan sektor swasta sejak sedekad yang
lalu untuk mencegah banjir yang teruk atau kemarau akibat perubahan
pola hujan. berkepadatan tinggi. Dua belas lokasi persampelan di
tiga ketinggian (500, 900 dan 1500 m) termasuk bahagian bawah dan
yang berhampiran (empangan atas dan bawah) telah digunakan. Serangga
akuatik dikumpulkan setiap bulan di setiap tapak selama setahun
dan dikategorikan ke dalam FFG. Komposisi serangga akuatik dari
tapak empangan dan tak terempang adalah berbeza. Kelimpahan dalam
setiap FFG di atas tapak empangan amat berbeza daripada tak terempang
yang tidak dapat dijelaskan. Kekayaan taksonomi pada ketinggian
1500 dan 900 m menurun apabila melebihi ketinggian tapak empangan
berbanding dengan yang tak terempang, sedangkan tapak empangan yang
melebihi ketinggian 500 m mempunyai kekayaan taksonomi yang lebih
tinggi daripada kawasan tak terempang. Kebanyakan kelimpahan pemangsa
dan pemungut dikaitkan dengan takungan dan pengumpulan sedimen yang
halus di atas empangan dengan penapis pemakan jarang ditemui. Kelimpahan
pencincang berbeza antara lokasi dengan lokasi daun paling rimbun
mencatatkan pengumpulan tertinggi. Pengikis adalah kumpulan yang
paling sedikit dan tidak tekal dengan empangan. Pengagihan FFG adalah
sama dengan perubahan dalam aliran lain yang dikawal. Komposisi
FFG mencerminkan keadaan ekosistem sungai melalui adaptasi masyarakat
untuk pengaliran habitat dan sumber makanan, termasuk yang berkaitan
dengan pembinaan halangan empangan. Kata kunci: Empangan kecil; pencincang;
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