Sains Malaysiana 47(7)(2018): 1401–1411
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-07
Hydrological
Change Effects on Sungai Langat Water Quality
(Kesan
Perubahan Hidrologi ke atas Kualiti Air Sungai Langat)
MARINA ZAINAL ABIDIN, AHMAD ABAS KUTTY*, TUKIMAT LIHAN
& NURUL
AKHMA ZAKARIA
School of Environmental Science and
Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 15 September 2017/ Diterima:
20 Februari 2018
ABSTRACT
This study attempts to assess the
impact of various types of land use along Sungai Langat and describes
hydrological change and water quality variation along this river. This study
also determines water quality of Sungai Langat based on low flow dry period Q100,7 using
the application of QUAL2K. Dissolved oxygen (DO),
pH, temperature and conductivity were measured in situ.
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)
and total suspended solid (TSS) were analysed according to the
standard methods (APHA). Water quality data was referred
to National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQS)
proposed by Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE)
to estimate Sungai Langat water quality status. Four important water quality
parameters namely DO, BOD5, NH3-N
and TSS were simulated with QUAL2K version 2.07 for 83.67 km.
As regard to individual parameter, DO classified this river into
class III, BOD5 in Class II, NH3-N
in Class IV and TSS in Class I. Based on QUAL2K simulation
for low flow scenario, the results clearly demonstrates a gradually reduction
of DO and BOD5 whereas
NH3-N and TSS display opposite. Only NH3-N
was found significantly increase which cause low water quality class towards
the downstream. Three parameters namely DO, BOD5 and
NH3-N show effects of industrial which approximately
located at the middle of river stretch. The TSS was
contributed to the river system at the upstream and downstream of the river
stretch which most likely from sand mining activity which located at Sungai
Long, Cheras (near R5) and Sungai Semenyih (R11).
Keywords: Modelling; QUAL2K; Sungai
Langat; water quality
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini cuba menilai kesan
pelbagai jenis guna tanah di sepanjang Sungai Langat dan menerangkan perubahan
hidrologi dan variasi kualiti air di sepanjang sungai ini. Kajian ini juga
menentukan kualiti air Sungai Langat berdasarkan aliran musim kering Q100,7 dengan
menggunakan pemodelan kualiti air QUAL2K. Oksigen terlarut (DO),
pH, suhu dan kekonduksian diukur secara in situ. Permintaan oksigen
biokimia (BOD5), nitrogen ammonia (NH3-N)
dan jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS) telah dianalisis di makmal
mengikut kaedah piawai (APHA). Data kualiti air dirujuk kepada
Piawaian Kualiti Air Negara (NWQS) yang dicadangkan oleh
Jabatan Alam Sekitar Malaysia (JAS) untuk menganggarkan status
kualiti air Sungai Langat. Empat parameter kualiti air penting iaitu DO,
BOD5, NH3-N
dan TSS disimulasi dengan menggunakan QUAL2K versi 2.07 bagi
83.67 km. Berdasarkan parameter individu, DO berada
pada Kelas III, BOD5 dalam
Kelas II, NH3-N pada Kelas IV dan TSS pada
Kelas I. Berdasarkan simulasi QUAL2K untuk senario aliran rendah, keputusan
jelas menunjukkan penurunan secara beransur-ansur bagi DO dan
BOD5 manakala NH3-N
dan TSS menunjukkan sebaliknya. Hanya NH3-N
didapati meningkat dengan ketara yang menyebabkan kelas kualiti air menurun ke
hilir sungai. Tiga parameter iaitu DO, BOD5 dan
NH3-N menunjukkan kesan perindustrian yang terletak
berhampiran jajaran tengah sungai. TSS disumbangkan kepada sistem
sungai di hulu dan hilir yang berkemungkinan besar berpunca daripada aktiviti
perlombongan pasir yang terletak di Sungai Long, Cheras (berhampiran R5) dan
Sungai Semenyih (R11).
Kata
kunci: Kualiti air; pemodelan; QUAL2K; Sungai Langat
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*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat; email: abas@ukm.edu.my
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