Sains Malaysiana 50(12)(2021): 3557-3567

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5012-08  

Pengenalpastian Bakteria Tanah yang Mempunyai Aktiviti Antikulat terhadap Patogen Kelapa Sawit, Ganoderma boninense

(Identification of Soil Bacteria with Antifungus Activity towards Palm Oil Pathogen, Ganoderma boninense)  

AQILAH YUSOFF¹, FATIN HUMAIRAH M. ASHAARI¹, MUHAMMAD ASYRAFF ABD SAMAD¹,

ANIS FARHAN FATIMI AB WAHAB^1,2 & IZWAN BHARUDIN^1,3*

¹Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²FGV Innovation Centre (Biotechnology), Pt. 23417 Lengkuk Teknologi, 71760 Bandar Enstek, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia

³Pusat Penyelidikan Bukit Fraser (PPBF), Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 29 Mac 2020/Diterima: 16 April 2021

ABSTRAK

Penyakit reput pangkal batang (BSR) yang berpunca daripada kulat fitopatogen Ganoderma boninense merupakan ancaman terbesar kepada tanaman kelapa sawit di Malaysia. BSR menyebabkan pengurangan hasil tandan sawit dan kematian terhadap pokok kelapa sawit terjangkit, seterusnya menyebabkan kerugian yang besar kepada ekonomi negara pengeluar. Penggunaan racun kimia juga telah diaplikasikan bagi menangani BSR, namun begitu, kaedah ini tidak mampu mengatasi serangan kulat ini. Beberapa kajian telah dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti potensi penggunaan agen kawalan biologi seperti mikroorganisma antagonis dalam mengawal penyakit BSR. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti mikroorganisma pencilan tempatan yang mempunyai kesan antagonistik terhadap G. boninense. Sebanyak 49 kultur bakteria tulen telah dipencilkan dari kawasan sekitar Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Tiga pencilan iaitu masing-masing dua strain daripada genus Burkholderia dan satu daripada Streptomyces menunjukkan aktiviti antagonistik yang kuat terhadap miselia dwikarion G. boninense strain PER71 dengan nilai Peratusan Perencatan Pertumbuhan Radius (PIRG) melebihi 70% dalam dua asai antikulat yang berbeza. Analisis jujukan DNA bagi semua pencilan telah menunjukkan spesies bakteria tersebut mempunyai kesamaan yang tinggi dengan jujukan nukleotida 16S rRNA daripada Burkholderia stagnalis, B. cepacia dan Streptomyces gelaticus. Bakteria yang digunakan di dalam kajian ini mempunyai potensi yang tinggi untuk digunakan sebagai agen kawalan biologi dalam menghalang penyebaran G. boninense terutamanya di dalam ladang kelapa sawit di Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Antagonis; BSR; Burkholderia; kawalan biologi; kulat patogen; Streptomyces

ABSTRACT

Basal Stem Rot disease (BSR) caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Ganoderma boninense is a huge threat to the oil palm plantations in Malaysia. BSR can reduce the yield of oil palm fruit bunch and cause fatality on infected oil palm trees thus creating huge economic losses to the producing country. The use of chemical fungicides has been applied in addressing BSR, however these methods were unable to overcome the fungal attack. A few studies have been carried out to identify the potential of biological control agents such as antagonistic microorganisms in controlling BSR disease. This study aimed to identify locally isolated microorganisms having antagonistic effects against G. boninense. A total of 49 pure bacterial cultures were isolated from Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Three isolates namely two from genus Burkholderia and one from Streptomyces showed strong antagonistic activity against G. boninense dikaryotic micellia with more than 70% of Percentage Inhibition of Radial Growth (PIRG) in two different antifungal assays. DNA sequence analysis of all isolates showed that the bacteria species shared high similarities in their 16S rRNA sequences with Burkholderia stagnalis, B. cepacia and Streptomyces gelaticus. The bacteria found in this study have high potentials to be used as biological control agents in preventing the spread of G. boninense, particularly in the oil palm plantations in Malaysia.

Keywords: Antagonist; biological control; BSR; Burkholderia; fungal pathogen; Streptomyces

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ibb@ukm.edu.my