Sains Malaysiana 42(10)(2013): 1395–1401

Differential Response of Zea mays L. in Relation to Weed Control and Different

Macronutrient Combinations

(Respons Membeza Zea mays Berhubung dengan Kawalan Rumpai dan Gabungan

Makronutrien Berbeza)

M.A. Khan*, S. Kakar, K.B. Marwat & I.A. Khan

Department Of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan

Diserahkan: 10 Mac 2013/Diterima: 12 Mei 2012

ABSTRACT

Time of weed control and fertilizer application usually decide the profitability of crop production. The effects of weed control and macronutrients on maize crop were investigated. The study was undertaken in March 2009, using a RCBD design with split plot arrangements. The experimental set up was established at the Agricultural University Peshawar and seedbeds were prepared with the proper moisture regime. Maize was planted with one plot left weed free for first six weeks while another infested with weed. The combinations of macronutrients used were nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus, nitrogen-potassium, phosphorus-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium. Control (no fertilizer) was included for comparison. The observations revealed that when a comparison was made between the application of fertilizers and weed control, the latter proved more important because weed infested plots had no harvestable maize plants. The role of main nutrients in crop production is well known and cannot be left aside, however weed infestation does not provide us a fair choice of fertilizers application. The maximum maize grain yield was recorded under nitrogen-phosphorus combination and promising results were obtained. The weeds and maize benefited equally in terms of fresh and dry weed biomass with an application of fertilizer in particular N singly or together with P. In view of this, application of fertilizer should be changed from broadcast to band and/or placement. In general, a positive interaction was seen between N and P promoting the growth of maize and weeds. It can be said that herbicide application for weed control is important because of the fact that hand weeding is not economical, difficult, time consuming because of perennial weeds and hot weather conditions in the month of June.

Keywords: Macronutrients; maize; NPK; weeds; yield

ABSTRAK

Masa kawalan rumpai dan pemberian baja biasanya akan menentukan keuntungan pengeluaran tanaman. Kesan kawalan rumpai dan makronutrien bagi tanaman jagung telah dikaji. Kajian telah dijalankan pada bulan Mac 2009, menggunakan reka bentuk RCBD dengan perletakan plot pecah. Percubaan telah dilakukan di Universiti Pertanian Peshawar dan batas biji benih telah disediakan dengan regim kelembapan yang sesuai. Jagung telah ditanam dengan dibiarkan bebas rumpai bagi enam minggu pertama sementara satu lagi telah dibiakan dengan rumpai. Gabungan makronutrien yang digunakan ialah nitrogen, fosforus, kalium, nitrogen-fosforus, nitrogen-kalium, fosforus-kalium dan nitrogen-fosforus-kalium. Kawalan (tanpa baja) telah ditambah untuk perbandingan. Pemerhatian telah menunjukkan bila perbandingan dibuat antara pemberian baja dan kawasan rumpai, yang kemudian telah dibuktikan lebih penting kerana plot yang berumpai tidak mempunyai jagung yang boleh dituai. Peranan nutrien utama dalam pengeluaran tanaman telah diketahui umum dan tidak boleh diabaikan, walau bagaimanapun kewujudan rumpai tidak memberi pilihan kepada pemberian baja. Hasil jagung maksimum telah direkodkan di bawah gabungan nitrogen-fosforus dan hasil yang baik telah diperoleh. Rumpai dan jagung telah mendapat manfaat yang hampir sama daripada segi biojisim rumpai kering dan basah dengan pemberian baja khususnya N secara tunggal atau bersama P. Oleh itu, pemberian baja harus ditukar daripada cara sebaran kepada jalur dan/atau secara perletakan. Umumnya suatu tindak balas positif boleh dilihat antara N dan P dengan meningkatkan pertumbuhan jagung dan rumpai. Ia boleh dirumuskan bahawa pengaplikasian herbisid untuk kawalan rumpai adalah penting kerana membuang rumpai dengan tangan adalah tidak ekonomi, sukar, memakan masa kerana kesakaan rumpai dan keadaan cuaca panas di bulan Jun.

Kata kunci: Hasil; jagung; makronutrien; NPK; rumpai

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: azim@aup.edu.pk