Sains Malaysiana 47(7)(2018): 1431–1438

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-10

Eleusine indica Inhibits Early and Late Phases of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication Cycle and Reduces Progeny Infectivity

(Eleusine indica Merencat Fasa Awal dan Lewat Kitar Replikasi Virus Herpes Simpleks

Jenis 1 dan Menurunkan Kebolehjangkitan Progeni)

RASHIDAH IBERAHIM¹, NOREFRINA SHAFINAZ MD. NOR¹, WAN AHMAD YAACOB²

& NAZLINA IBRAHIM1*

¹School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 11 September 2017/Diterima: 28 Februari 2018

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed at determining the compounds available in Eleusine indica methanol extract and the effects on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HHV1) replication cycle and progeny infectivity. Twelve compounds mostly from the flavonoid and phenolic groups were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The effect on replication phases of HHV1 was determined by time-of-addition, time-removal and virus yield reduction assays with expression of selected genes analysed by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The extract inhibited plaque formation the most during the first 2 h and at 24 h of infection. Plaque formation inhibition was also noted at all other time points but at lesser percentage. Treatment with E. indica reduced progeny infectivity when treated for 10 h and was dose-dependent. E. indica methanol extract inhibited immediate early, early and late phases of HHV1 replication cycle by modifying the expression of UL54, UL27 and UL30 genes during the infection. Immunostaining of infected cells confirmed that E. indica inhibited mainly Glycoproteins B but not Glycoprotein C and D. Thus, the methanol extract of E. indica has the ability to alter HHV1 replication cycle at almost all stages and reduce progeny infectivity.

Keywords: Eleusine indica methanol extract; HHV1 replication cycle; progeny infectivity

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan sebatian yang hadir dalam ekstrak metanol Eleusine indica serta kesan terhadap kitar replikasi virus herpes simpleks jenis 1 (HHV1) dan kebolehjangkitan progeni. Dua belas sebatian yang kebanyakannya terdiri daripada kumpulan flavonoid dan fenolik telah dikenal pasti melalui analisis kromatografi cecair-beriring spektrometri jisim (LC-MS/MS). Kesan terhadap fasa replikasi HHV1 dikenal pasti melalui asai masa-penambahan, masa-penyingkiran dan penurunan bilangan virus serta penentuan pengekspresan beberapa gen terpilih melalui tindak balas rantaian polimerase-kuantitatif masa nyata (qRT-PCR). Kesan perencatan ekstrak terhadap pembentukan plak paling tinggi semasa 2 dan 24 jam selepas jangkitan. Perencatan pembentukan plak juga dikesan pada semua masa ujian tetapi pada peratusan yang lebih rendah. Rawatan dengan E. indica menurunkan kebolehjangkitan progeni selepas dirawat selama 10 jam dan tindakannya bergantung kepada dos. Ekstrak metanol E. indica merencat fasa paling awal, awal dan lewat kitar replikasi HHV1 melalui pengubahan jangkitan kepada pengekspresan gen UL54, UL27 dan UL30 semasa jangkitan. Imuno-penandaan terhadap sel terjangkit mengesahkan E. indica menindas terutamanya glikoprotein B pada sel terjangkit tetapi bukan glikoprotein C dan D. Maka, ekstrak metanol E. indica berupaya mengubah kitar replikasi HHV1 pada setiap tahap replikasi dan menurunkan kebolehjangkitan progeni.

Kata kunci: Ekstrak metanol Eleusine indica; kebolehjangkitan progeni; kitar replikasi HHV1

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nazlina@ukm.edu.my