Sains Malaysiana 50(6)(2021): 1531-1541

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-03

Determination of Elements due to Atmospheric Deposition on Barbula indicaMoss at Dalat, Vietnam using NAA and TXRF Techniques

(Penentuan Unsur Disebabkan Pemendapan Atmosfera pada Lumut Barbula indica di Dalat, Vietnam menerusi Teknik NAA dan TXRF)

NGUYEN AN SON¹*, LE HONG KHIEM^2,3, NGUYEN THI MINH SANG¹, DOAN PHAN THAO TIEN⁴ & HO HUU THANG⁵

¹Department of Nuclear Engineering, Dalat University, Dalat, Lam Dong, Vietnam

²Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

³Graduate University for Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

⁴Nhatrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, 02 Hungvuong Street, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nhatrang City, Vietnam

⁵Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc, Dalat, Lam Dong, Vietnam

Diserahkan: 23 Jun 2020/Diterima: 15 Oktober 2020

ABSTRACT

In this paper, two multielement analysis techniques, Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF), are combined to detect elemental concentrations in Barbula indica moss collected at Dalat, Vietnam. Combining these two techniques has improved the qualitative detection of elements due to atmospheric deposition on moss samples. The concentrations of 40 elements, including Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ar, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Y, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th, and U in the Barbula indica moss samples collected at 19 locations at Dalat have been determined. It is shown that the air in Dalat is suspected of contamination by Na, Mg, Si, P, S, V, Mn, Cu, Se, Br, and U; slightly contaminated by Mg, Cl, K, Cr, Ni, S, and Ni; moderately contaminated by Sc, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Kr, Rb, Y, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Dy, Yb, Ta, Pb, and Th; and seriously contaminated by Tb. Factor analysis has been used to explain the contamination sources of these elements, including V, As, Fe, Zn, Se, Rb, Sb, Cs, Al, Cu, and Pb in the investigated area. Four factors have been extracted that can explain 86% of the total variance, and the results suggest that the main sources of atmospheric pollution in Dalat originate from traffic and windblown dust.

Keywords: Atmospheric deposition; Barbula indica; Dalat; NAA; TXRF

ABSTRAK

Dalam kajian ini, dua teknik analisis berbilang-unsur iaitu Analisis Pengaktifan Neutron (NAA) dan Pendaflor Sinar-X Pantulan Keseluruhan (TXRF) telah digabungkan untuk mengesan kepekatan unsur dalam lumutBarbula indica yang diperoleh di Dalat, Vietnam. Penggabungan dua teknik ini telah meningkatkan pengesanan kualitatif unsur kerana terdapat pemendapan atmosfera pada sampel lumut. Kepekatan 40 unsur, iaitu Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ar, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Y, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th dan U dalam sampel lumutBarbula indica yang diperoleh dari 19 lokasi di Dalat telah ditentukan. Data menunjukkan udara di Dalat disyaki tercemar oleh Na, Mg, Si, P, S, V, Mn, Cu, Se, Br, dan U; sedikit tercemar oleh Mg, Cl, K, Cr, Ni, S, dan Ni; sederhana tercemar oleh Sc, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Kr, Rb, Y, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Dy, Yb, Ta, Pb dan Th; dan tercemar teruk oleh Tb. Analisis faktor telah digunakan untuk menjelaskan sumber pencemaran unsur-unsur ini, termasuk V, As, Fe, Zn, Se, Rb, Sb, Cs, Al, Cu dan Pb di kawasan yang dikaji. Empat faktor telah diekstrak yang dapat menjelaskan 86% daripada total varians, dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahawa sumber utama pencemaran atmosfera di Dalat berasal daripada lalu lintas dan debu yang ditiup angin.

Kata kunci: Barbula indica; Dalat; NAA; pemendapan atmosfera; TXRF

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: sonna@dlu.edu.vn